❓ Problem: Many devs unknowingly bottle-neck their Sui apps by cramming multiple users’ state into one big “global” object. The result? 🚧 Poor throughput and painful contention.

💡 Why this happens: Sui is built for parallel execution — but only if your design allows it. Touching a single shared object kills concurrency.

🎯 Goal: Here’s a scaling playbook with rules, examples, and a checklist to help you unlock Sui’s true power.

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🧩 1) Split Hot State into Many Small Objects

• Create per-user / per-item objects instead of global registries.

• Example:

  • ❌ Bad: A single game object holding all players’ inventories.
  • ✅ Good: Each player has their own inventory object.

• 🚀 Benefit: Sui can execute transactions in parallel with no contention. 📚 docs.sui.io

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🚫 2) Avoid Global Counters or Shared Objects

• Global counters = 🚦traffic jams.

• Alternatives:

  • Off-chain counters with periodic on-chain checkpoints.
  • Sharded counters → e.g., 1 per region or partition, aggregated later.

• Result: Higher throughput, fewer conflicts.

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📡 3) Use Events & Indexers for Aggregation

• Don’t burn gas doing heavy on-chain aggregation.

• Instead:

  • Emit events 📢.
  • Use an off-chain indexer to compile data for the UI.

• 🔑 Pattern: On-chain = state changes only. Off-chain = fast queries.

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🧪 4) Concurrency Testing

• Stress test locally with parallel transactions hitting disjoint objects.

• Watch out for:

  • Object version conflicts 🔄.
  • Bottlenecked objects 📉.

• Fix by redesigning objects until throughput looks healthy. 📚 Sui GitHub

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✅ Quick Scaling Checklist

• Break global state → per-user/per-item objects.
• Replace global counters with off-chain or sharded solutions.
• Use events + indexers for fast aggregation.
• Run concurrency tests to validate design.

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⚡ Bottom line: Sui rewards parallelism-first design. Think many small objects → not one big one. If you respect the scheduler, your app can scale to thousands of TPS without breaking a sweat 💪.