Problem it solves: Many teams ship their Sui app to production only to realize:

• Throughput isn’t scaling as expected 🚦
• Costs are higher than budgeted 💸

Goal: Give you a practical playbook of fast wins → medium moves → long-term strategies to boost performance and cut costs — without needing a full re-architecture.

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🔑 Top Priority Fixes (Fast Wins You Can Apply Today)

1. Avoid shared gas coin reuse → split coins per session to prevent bottlenecks.
2. Shard hot objects → if one shard is overloaded, increase N buckets.
3. Use dynamic fields → scale growing collections without mutating a root vector.
4. Off-load indices → compute aggregates off-chain using emitted events.
5. Cache aggressively → immutable or owned reads should be cached in clients to save round trips.

👉 These tweaks alone fix 80% of early performance pain.

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⏳ Medium-Term Optimizations (Next Level)

• Batch small writes → use PTBs for tightly coupled operations.
• Reduce on-chain payloads → keep only hashes on-chain, move static files off-chain.
• Tune shard hash function → distribute keys more evenly across shards.
• Rate-limit heavy endpoints → stop accidental traffic storms from DoSing your own app.

🛠 Think of this stage as polishing your engine after the first few races.

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🚀 Long-Term Architecture Moves

• Finer-grained objects → break down monolithic state into many small objects for parallelism.
• Routing layer → deterministically map requests to shard IDs.
• Optimistic reconciliation → let clients assume success on happy paths, then reconcile later (fewer round trips, lower latency).

These are the structural investments that future-proof scaling.

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📏 Cost Measurement & Experiments

Don’t just guess — measure:

• Cost per user action = gas + infra.
• Run AB tests → e.g. dynamic fields vs root vectors → compare conflict rates + gas usage.
• Simulate user growth → estimate how many shards you’ll need as traffic ramps.

🔬 Treat optimization like science: experiment, measure, adjust.

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🎯 Outcome

By following this layered strategy:

✅ You eliminate easy bottlenecks (gas coin + shard tuning). ✅ You optimize throughput & cost step by step. ✅ You build toward predictable scaling instead of production surprises.

Think of it as your kitchen-tested recipe book 🍳 for keeping Sui apps fast, cheap, and reliable.