Require global consensus for updates, making them slower than owned-object transactions.

Essential for collaborative or global state (DeFi liquidity pools, marketplaces, leaderboards).

👉 Design implication:

Use owned objects whenever possible for scalability and responsiveness.

Only use shared objects when truly necessary (e.g., multi-user state).

You experience more stable gas fees on Sui because it uses a reference price system that’s agreed upon by validators at the start of each epoch, which lasts about 24 hours. This reference price acts as a baseline, so you don’t have to worry about sudden spikes like on Ethereum or other chains during high traffic. Sui also separates computation and storage fees, letting you pay only for what your transaction actually uses. Validators are incentivized to stick to the reference price through community rules and reward mechanisms, which keeps the network predictable and cost-efficient.

which lasts about 24 hours. This reference price acts as a baseline, so you don’t have to worry about sudden spikes like on Ethereum or other chains during high traffic. Sui also separates computation and storage fees, letting you pay only for what your transaction actually uses. Validators are incentivi

Key Features of Sui’s Gas Model

1. Epoch-Based Pricing:

Gas prices are set once every 24 hours (epoch) using a validator consensus.

A “Reference Price” is established at the 2/3 stake threshold, creating price predictability.

2. Optional Tips (Only for Prioritization):

Users can add tips if they want faster execution, but it’s usually not required.

3. Validator Incentives:

Validators are rewarded or penalized based on how well they adhere to the price they quoted—ensuring honest and stable pricing behavior.

4. Governance-Set Storage Fees:

Storage costs are adjusted infrequently and separately from computation fees, adding long-term stability.

5. Proven in Real-World Stress:

Even during network spikes (e.g., 20M+ tx/day), gas fees stayed low and consistent—unlike Ethereum or Solana.

Compared to Other Chains

Feature Sui Ethereum/Solana

Gas Fee Volatility Low (stable per epoch) High (block-by-block changes) Fee Prediction Easy and consistent Hard; users must constantly adjust Validator Accountability Yes (reward/penalty system) Rare or none Congestion Handling Tip-based, non-disruptive Can lead to gas wars and slowdowns

Bottom Line:

Sui’s model ensures stable, predictable, and low gas fees by coordinating validator pricing, limiting changes to once per epoch, and aligning incentives—making it far more user- and developer-friendly than volatile auction-based models on other chains.

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