Expert Answer:

1. Initializing the Sui SDK The @mysten/sui.js SDK should be configured with a reliable RPC endpoint. For production apps, consider:

Default RPCs:

ts
import { SuiClient, getFullnodeUrl } from '@mysten/sui.js/client';  

const client = new SuiClient({ url: getFullnodeUrl('mainnet') });  

Fallback RPCs: Use services like Sui RPC Providers to avoid rate limits.

For wallet integration, use @mysten/dapp-kit:

tsx
import { createNetworkConfig, SuiClientProvider, WalletProvider } from '@mysten/dapp-kit';  
import { getFullnodeUrl } from '@mysten/sui.js/client';  

const { networkConfig } = createNetworkConfig({  
  mainnet: { url: getFullnodeUrl('mainnet') },  
  testnet: { url: getFullnodeUrl('testnet') },  
});  

function App() {  
  return (  
    <SuiClientProvider networks={networkConfig} defaultNetwork="mainnet">  
      <WalletProvider autoConnect>  
        <YourApp />  
      </WalletProvider>  
    </SuiClientProvider>  
  );  
}  

2. Handling Transactions & Errors Always wrap transactions in error handling:

ts

try {  
  const tx = await signAndExecuteTransactionBlock({  
    transactionBlock: txBlock,  
    options: { showEffects: true },  
  });  
  console.log("Tx Digest:", tx.digest);  
} catch (err) {  
  console.error("Tx Failed:", err.message);  
  // Handle specific errors (e.g., user rejection, insufficient gas)  
}  

Common errors:

"User rejected the request" → Wallet popup was closed.

"Gas budget exceeded" → Increase gas budget with txBlock.setGasBudget().

"Object not found" → Check if the object ID is correct and still exists.

3. Optimizing RPC Calls Batching Requests: Use multiGetObjects for fetching multiple objects in one call.

Caching: Use React Query or SWR to cache RPC responses:

ts
import { useSuiClientQuery } from '@mysten/dapp-kit';  

const { data } = useSuiClientQuery('getObject', {  
  id: objectId,  
  options: { showContent: true },  
});  

Pagination: For large datasets, use suix_getDynamicFields with cursors.

4. Real-Time Updates Use WebSockets or polling:

WebSocket Subscriptions (advanced):

ts
const unsubscribe = client.subscribeEvent({  
  filter: { sender: '0x123...' },  
  onMessage(event) { console.log("New event:", event); },  
});  

// Cleanup on unmount
return () => unsubscribe();
Polling with Hooks:

ts
useSuiClientSubscription('subscribeEvent', {  
  filter: { eventType: 'ExampleEvent' },  
  onData(event) { console.log("Event:", event); },  
});  

Pro Tips

1. Use @mysten/dapp-kit for pre-built wallet hooks.
2. Set a custom gas budget for complex transactions.
3. Monitor RPC health – switch endpoints if responses are slow.
4. Test on Testnet before mainnet deployment.

1. Recommended SDK Initialization

For a production-grade React or Next.js dApp, the recommended stack combines three key packages. This setup separates low-level blockchain interaction from application state management.[1, 2, 3]

• Core Libraries:

  • @mysten/sui.js: The foundational TypeScript SDK for all direct Sui network interactions.[4]
  • @mysten/dapp-kit: The primary React library with hooks and components for wallet connection and data fetching.[2, 5, 6]
  • @tanstack/react-query: A required dependency for @mysten/dapp-kit that handles caching, re-fetching, and managing on-chain data as server state.[1, 7]

• Provider Setup: Wrap your application's root component with these providers in the correct order to ensure all hooks function properly.[3, 4]

  import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from '@tanstack/react-query';
  import { SuiClientProvider, WalletProvider, createNetworkConfig } from '@mysten/dapp-kit';
  import { getFullnodeUrl } from '@mysten/sui/client';
  import '@mysten/dapp-kit/dist/index.css';
  
  const queryClient = new QueryClient();
  const { networkConfig } = createNetworkConfig({
    mainnet: { url: getFullnodeUrl('mainnet') },
    testnet: { url: getFullnodeUrl('testnet') },
  });
  
  function AppRoot() {
    return (
      <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
        <SuiClientProvider networks={networkConfig} defaultNetwork="mainnet">
          <WalletProvider autoConnect>
            {/* Your Application Components */}
          </WalletProvider>
        </SuiClientProvider>
      </QueryClientProvider>
    );
  }
  

2. Graceful Error Handling

Handling errors effectively is crucial for user experience. Here’s how to manage common issues.

• Wallet Connection Failures: The issue of a wallet address not being available immediately after connection is typically an asynchronous state problem.

  • Solution: Always check if the account object returned by the useCurrentAccount() hook is null. When fetching data that depends on the address, use the enabled:!!account option in useSuiClientQuery to prevent the query from running until the address is available.[3]

• Transaction Errors: Raw RPC errors are often cryptic. Use the suiclient-error-decoder library to translate them into human-readable messages.[8, 9]

  • Strategy: Coordinate with your smart contract developer to define a map of error codes. In your frontend, use this map with the decoder to parse errors caught in a try...catch block .

  import { useSignAndExecuteTransactionBlock } from '@mysten/dapp-kit';
  import { SuiClientErrorDecoder } from 'suiclient-error-decoder';
  
  // 1. Define your custom error map
  const myErrorMap = { 1: "Mint limit has been reached." };
  const errorDecoder = new SuiClientErrorDecoder({ customErrorCodes: myErrorMap });
  
  // 2. Wrap your transaction call
  const { mutateAsync: signAndExecute } = useSignAndExecuteTransactionBlock();
  
  async function handleMint(txb) {
    try {
      await signAndExecute({ transactionBlock: txb });
      console.log("Transaction successful!");
    } catch (error) {
      const decodedError = errorDecoder.parseError(error);
      // Display decodedError.message to the user
      console.error(decodedError.message); 
    }
  }
  

  • Common Errors:
    • "User rejected the request": The user closed the wallet pop-up.[10, 11]
    • "InsufficientGas": The gas budget was too low. Let the wallet auto-set the budget; avoid setting it manually unless necessary .

3. Optimizing Queries

To avoid RPC rate limits and improve performance, use a combination of batching, pagination, and caching.

• Batching: Instead of fetching objects one by one, use sui_multiGetObjects to retrieve data for up to 50 object IDs in a single request. This significantly reduces network traffic .

• Pagination: For large datasets like an object's dynamic fields, use paginated endpoints like suix_getDynamicFields. These endpoints use a cursor to fetch data page by page, preventing timeouts .

• Caching: The useSuiClientQuery hook from @mysten/dapp-kit automatically caches responses.[1, 5] To further optimize, set a staleTime for data that doesn't change frequently (e.g., NFT metadata). This tells React Query to serve cached data for a specified duration before re-fetching, reducing redundant RPC calls.[7, 12, 13]

  const { data } = useSuiClientQuery(
    'getObject',
    { id: objectId, options: { showContent: true } },
    { staleTime: 10 * 60 * 1000 } // Cache is fresh for 10 minutes
  );
  

• RPC Providers: For production applications, use a dedicated RPC provider like QuickNode, Ankr, or Chainstack to ensure reliability and avoid the strict rate limits of public endpoints.[14, 15, 16]

4. Real-Time Updates

There are three primary methods for listening to on-chain events, each with different trade-offs.

1. Polling: The simplest method. Use useSuiClientQuery with a refetchInterval to periodically ask the network for updates. This is suitable for non-critical data where a delay of a few seconds is acceptable.[17]

2. WebSocket Subscriptions: This method offers low-latency, real-time updates. However, the official Sui JSON-RPC WebSocket API is deprecated, so you must use a third-party RPC provider that offers WebSocket support.[18, 19] You can use client.subscribeEvent to listen for specific events and must manage the subscription lifecycle carefully within a React useEffect hook to prevent memory leaks.[20, 21, 22]

   useEffect(() => {
     const unsubscribe = await client.subscribeEvent({
       filter: { MoveEventModule: { package: '0x...', module: 'my_module' } },
       onMessage: (event) => {
         console.log("New event:", event);
       },
     });
   
     // Cleanup on component unmount
     return () => {
       unsubscribe();
     };
   },);
   

3. Custom Indexer: The most powerful and reliable solution for mission-critical applications. An indexer is a dedicated backend service that processes all on-chain data and stores it in an optimized database. This allows for complex, low-latency queries that are not possible with the standard RPC API. This approach is recommended for production-grade DeFi, gaming, or analytics platforms.[9, 23, 24]

It sounds like you're hitting common snags with Sui frontend development. For wallet connection and SDK initialization, @mysten/dapp-kit is your go-to. Set up SuiClientProvider and WalletProvider at your app's root. This integrates wallet state and SuiClient seamlessly. For errors, always wrap RPC calls and signAndExecuteTransactionBlock in try-catch blocks. The dapp-kit's useWallet hook provides status and error states for connection issues. For transaction failures, deeply inspect the TransactionBlockResponse object; it contains effects.status, error, and balanceChanges which are crucial. Don't rely on RPC errors alone. To combat RPC limits, consider a dedicated RPC provider like Blockdaemon or ANKR instead of public endpoints. Optimize queries by using sui_getMultiObjects or multiGetObjects for batching, and pagination (e.g., queryEvents, queryTransactions) instead of fetching everything at once. Client-side caching can also reduce redundant calls. For real-time updates, the @mysten/sui.js SuiClient supports WebSockets. You can use suiClient.subscribeEvent or suiClient.subscribeTransaction to listen for specific event types or transaction activities, providing an onMessage callback to handle incoming data.

Hey there! Sounds like you're hitting some common bumps. Here's how I'd tackle those:

For the SDK, use createNetworkConfig and SuiClientProvider from @mysten/dapp-kit to wrap your app. Then useSuiClient for calls. This keeps your SuiClient instance consistent and handles network switching nicely.

Wallet connection: Always check useWallet()'s connected, connecting, and error states. If a wallet rejects, signAndExecuteTransactionBlock usually throws, so a try-catch is essential. For RPC errors, executeTransactionBlock returns detailed results, parse those. Consider using a dedicated RPC endpoint instead of public ones for reliability, especially for critical ops.

Optimizing queries: For big datasets, use queryObjects with pagination or MultiGetObjects to fetch several by ID. Implement client-side caching (e.g., with React Query) to avoid refetching. If you're hitting rate limits, a private or premium RPC provider is a game-changer.

Real-time updates: The SuiClient offers subscribeEvents and subscribeTransaction methods. You can filter for specific events, like MoveEvent for NFT mints or BalanceChange for token updates. It establishes a websocket connection, so keep that in mind for state management.